彈性聯軸器是通過(guo)軸(zhou)(zhou)系運行(xing)的，調整傳動(dong)裝置軸(zhou)(zhou)系扭(niu)轉振動(dong)特性，補(bu)償振動(dong)、沖擊所引起的主、從動(dong)機(ji)(ji)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)位移，并(bing)不間(jian)斷地傳遞轉矩和運動(dong)的一種(zhong)扭(niu)轉彈性復合橡膠(jiao)聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器裝置。具有很高的彈性和阻(zu)力，能(neng)補(bu)償連接機(ji)(ji)構的軸(zhou)(zhou)向位移、徑向位移和角度的位移，并(bing)能(neng)夠較好地解決軸(zhou)(zhou)系的扭(niu)振問題，起到(dao)緩沖減振和降(jiang)低噪聲等(deng)作(zuo)用。彈性聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器廣(guang)泛用于船舶、重型汽車等(deng)行(xing)業的柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)動(dong)力裝置。

彈性聯軸器具(ju)有較大干擾力矩的(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置軸(zhou)(zhou)系中，實(shi)現減(jian)振降噪的(de)目的(de)，并起到保護(hu)主、從(cong)動(dong)機(ji)和(he)(he)提高(gao)(gao)整個傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置運行可靠性(xing)的(de)作用。彈性(xing)元件(jian)是高(gao)(gao)彈性(xing)聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)的(de)關鍵部件(jian)，其(qi)可以(yi)吸收(shou)能量實(shi)現衰減(jian)振動(dong)、緩和(he)(he)沖擊；同時其(qi)高(gao)(gao)彈性(xing)低剛度的(de)物理性(xing)能可以(yi)幫助實(shi)現位移補(bu)償和(he)(he)大幅(fu)度調節傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)固有頻率，達(da)到避免共振和(he)(he)降低結構噪聲(sheng)的(de)目的(de)。所以(yi)彈性(xing)元件(jian)的(de)發展在很大程度上決定了高(gao)(gao)彈性(xing)聯軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)的(de)發展。

彈性聯軸器按彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)分類(lei)，主要(yao)金屬彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聯軸(zhou)器和非金屬彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聯軸(zhou)器兩(liang)大(da)類(lei)。金屬彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聯軸(zhou)器主要(yao)有(you)膜片(pian)聯軸(zhou)器、蛇形彈(dan)簧聯軸(zhou)器等，其共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)的特(te)點是(shi)疲(pi)勞強(qiang)度高，承載能(neng)(neng)力(li)大(da)，耐久性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)，使用壽(shou)命長，性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)穩定(ding)，動(dong)力(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)容易控制。彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聯軸(zhou)器共(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)的特(te)點是(shi)質量(liang)小(xiao)、容易成型、內摩擦大(da)、阻力(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)好(hao)，單位體積(ji)儲存的變性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)多，無(wu)機(ji)械摩擦切無(wu)需潤滑，但強(qiang)度低、耐高、低溫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)差。

彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件是彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聯(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)中關鍵的(de)(de)(de)零部件，它(ta)在受載(zai)時(shi)能(neng)產生顯(xian)著的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)變形，一方面起著補償所連兩軸(zhou)(zhou)間相對位移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，其(qi)(qi)次可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)儲存彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)變形達到緩沖作(zuo)用，其(qi)(qi)三(san)可(ke)以(yi)通過(guo)改變聯(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構剛(gang)度，來調節系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)固有頻率，以(yi)減輕振(zhen)動避開(kai)共振(zhen)。因此(ci)，要設(she)計出(chu)一個傳動性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)優良的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聯(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)，關鍵在于設(she)計好其(qi)(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件。在中小轉矩和環(huan)境(jing)比較惡劣的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下，我們采(cai)用非金(jin)屬彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件的(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)聯(lian)(lian)軸(zhou)(zhou)器(qi)(qi)，常用的(de)(de)(de)非金(jin)屬彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件有橡膠(jiao)彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件和工程(cheng)塑料彈(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)元件。